Chemistry, Physics and Materials Sciences

The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.http://www.eurekalert.org en-usCopyright 2012 by the American Association for the Advancement of ScienceThu, 28 Jun 2012 10:18:03 EDTEurekAlert!http://www.eurekalert.org/images/logo.gifhttp://www.eurekalert.org The premier online source for science news since 1996. A service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.60webmaster@eurekalert.org (EurekAlert!)(<i>National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</i>) In an important step towards more practical quantum information processing, NIST researchers joined with two universities to build the first heralded single photon source made from silicon. This source complements two other recently developed silicon-based technologies needed to build a quantum optical circuit or a secure quantum communication system.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/nios-hgd062812.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/nios-hgd062812.php(<i>National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</i>) In searching for better flame retardants for home furnishings -- the largest source of fuel in house fires -- NIST researchers defied the conventional wisdom and literally hit a wall, one made of clay. That turns out to be a good thing.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/nios-ncc062812.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/nios-ncc062812.php(<i>Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology</i>) Research in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology suggests both the number of viruses in initial flu infection, and the virus type, affects the patient's outcome. Mice infected by high concentrations developed immunity, and generated immune cells in the lungs to fight other strains. Mice with low concentrations developed weaker immunity, did not generate cells in the lungs, and delayed immunity toward other strains. This could help develop novel strategies to fight flu infections.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/foas-fii062812.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/foas-fii062812.php(<i>Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres</i>) This year's Alfried Krupp Prize for Young University Teachers goes to professor Christian Koos of KIT. The board of trustees of the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation unanimously decided in favor of the 34-year-old engineer, who teaches and conducts research into photonic communication technology. Koos won over 65 other young scientists proposed for the prize. The prize is endowed with an amount of 1 million euros.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/haog-2kp062812.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/haog-2kp062812.php(<i>University of Copenhagen</i>) Scientists at the Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research at the University of Copenhagen have used a new method to assemble a massive catalog of data on proteins. This gives them unprecedented insight into a process called protein phosphorylation. The research was recently published in the scientific journal Nature Communications.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uoc-gro062812.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uoc-gro062812.php(<i>Oxford University Press</i>) Oxford University Press and the Royal Astronomical Society announced a new publishing partnership today for the Society's highly cited and internationally prestigious journals.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/oup-ras062812.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/oup-ras062812.php(<i>Rice University</i>) Rice University researchers have developed a paint-on lithium-ion battery that can be applied to virtually any surface.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/ru-rrd062612.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/ru-rrd062612.php(<i>ESA/Hubble Information Centre</i>) Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have seen dramatic changes in the upper atmosphere of a faraway planet. Just after a violent flare on its parent star bathed it in intense X-ray radiation, the planet's atmosphere gave off a powerful burst of evaporation. The observations give a tantalizing glimpse of the changing climates and weather on planets outside our solar system.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eic-dcs062612.php Thu, 28 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eic-dcs062612.php(<i>Arizona State University</i>) Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is the causative agent of typhoid fever, a serious health threat resulting in some 22 million new cases yearly and approximately 217,000 fatalities. Karen Brenneman and her colleagues at Arizona State University's Biodesign Institute have been examining ways to detect the presence of S. Typhi in stool following inoculation with various vaccine strains.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/asu-sth062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/asu-sth062712.php(<i>Vanderbilt University</i>) An interdisciplinary team of scientists have successfully tagged a protein that regulates the neurotransmitter serotonin with tiny fluorescent beads, allowing them to track the movements of individual molecules for the first time. This capability makes it possible to study the manner in which serotonin regulates mood, appetite and sleep at a new level of detail.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/vu-ptr062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/vu-ptr062712.php(<i>University of Sheffield</i>) Mathematicians at the University of Sheffield, as part of an international team, have discovered tornadoes in space which could hold the key to power the atmosphere of the Sun to millions of kelvin.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uos-stp062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uos-stp062712.php(<i>University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston</i>) Researchers have significantly improved an existing experimental vaccine for Rift Valley fever virus, making possible the development of a more effective defense against the dangerous mosquito-borne pathogen.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uotm-bab062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uotm-bab062712.php(<i>Engineering Conferences International</i>) Oligonucleotide technologies, such as siRNA, tap into endogenous, highly conserved and specific catalytic mechanisms to efficiently regulate gene expression. As such, they have the potential to enable the development of novel therapeutic options for disease targets previously considered un-druggable by conventional small molecule and biologics means. However, despite the promise, clinical development has been hindered by the challenges encountered by identifying and developing safe and efficacious delivery formulations.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-od062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-od062712.php(<i>Texas A&M AgriLife Communications</i>) Operating on the thought that, if it is not feasible, it's not going to be done, a group of Texas AgriLife Research scientists is studying the costs of getting potential bioenergy sources such as mesquite to the processed stage.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/taac-ars062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/taac-ars062712.php(<i>Johns Hopkins University</i>) You are what you eat, and that seems to have been true even 2 million years ago, when a group of pre-human relatives was swinging through the trees and racing across the savannas of South Africa.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/jhu-tww062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/jhu-tww062712.php(<i>Office of Naval Research</i>) U.S. scientists and Vietnamese researchers will discuss coastal ocean circulation and land-ocean environmental trends this week as the R/V Roger Revelle, an auxiliary general purpose oceanographic research vessel, continues its nine-day port call in the city of Da Nang. Owned by the Office of Naval Research and operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the vessel arrived in Vietnam June 22. Its visit highlights partnership between ONR and the Vietnamese Ministry of Science and Technology.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/oonr-urv062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/oonr-urv062712.php(<i>Element Six</i>) Element Six, the world leader in synthetic diamond supermaterials, and academic researchers from the University of Warwick's Departments of Chemistry and Physics, have demonstrated the key factors that determine the electrochemical properties of metal-like boron-doped synthetic diamond. The research shows that boron-doped synthetic diamond has outstanding electrochemical properties while retaining the full strength and durability of its chemical structure. This research opens the possibility of exploiting synthetic diamond's electrochemical technologies in a wide range of applications.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/es-sds062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/es-sds062712.php(<i>Engineering Conferences International</i>) This conference will bring scientists and engineers together to discuss the state-of-the-art development on all three fronts of the Materials Innovation Infrastructure. The conference will be entirely focused on the technical side of these tools and their integration for accelerated materials design.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-htm062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-htm062712.php(<i>Rice University</i>) In the first side-by-side tests of a half-dozen palladium- and iron-based catalysts for cleaning up the carcinogen TCE, Rice University scientists have found that palladium destroys TCE far faster than iron -- up to a billion times faster in some cases.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/ru-pnc062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/ru-pnc062712.php(<i>Engineering Conferences International</i>) This conference will cover all aspects of nonstoichiometry in inorganic compounds. Topics will span from fundamental theory to advanced characterization and device demonstrations at both the macro- and nano-scale.The conference will last four and a half days and each half day session will consist of two keynote talks, followed by shorter presentations on current research topics germane to the keynote talks. There will also be two poster sessions.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-ncv062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-ncv062712.php(<i>California Institute of Technology</i>) Researchers at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have been able, for the first time, to watch viruses infecting individual bacteria by transferring their DNA, and to measure the rate at which that transfer occurs. Shedding light on the early stages of infection by this type of virus -- a bacteriophage -- the scientists have determined that it is the cells targeted for infection, rather than the amount of genetic material within the viruses themselves, that dictate how quickly the bacteriophage's DNA is transferred.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/ciot-tpo062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/ciot-tpo062712.php(<i>University of California - Santa Barbara</i>) Using studies that span the last three decades, scientists at UC Santa Barbara have compiled the first evidence-based comprehensive study of the potential for tsunamis in Northwestern California. The paper, "Paleoseismicity of the Southern End of the Cascadia Subduction Zone, Northwestern California," was co-written by professors Edward Keller and Alexander Simms from UCSB's Department of Earth Science, and published in a recent issue of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uoc--usc062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/uoc--usc062712.php(<i>Engineering Conferences International</i>) The conference will address the multi-disciplinary nature of REE processing and will attempt to bring together those who have expertise in specific aspects of REE mineralogy, physical and physicochemical separation, digestion, extraction, interfacial and bulk diffusion, novel chemical/reagents, waste water treatment/recycling and other technologies related to REE purification and extraction.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-rem062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/eci-rem062712.php(<i>DOE/Oak Ridge National Laboratory</i>) An Oak Ridge National Laboratory and University of Tennessee team has used the Department of Energy's Jaguar supercomputer to calculate the number of isotopes allowed by the laws of physics.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/drnl-otm062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/drnl-otm062712.php(<i>DOE/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</i>) For the first time, Lawrence Livermore researchers and international collaborators have peered into the makeup of complex airborne particulate matter so small that it can be transported into human lungs -- usually without a trace.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/dlnl-llr062712.php Wed, 27 Jun 2012 00:00:00 EDThttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-06/dlnl-llr062712.php

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